Some minor and common complaints can be treated or alleviated through self administered treatments at home. The following are some of the most common of these complaints.
Colds
These are by far the most common respiratory infections and tend to start gradually. It makes you feel generally unwell with a runny blocked nose which can often become thick and yellow. Sneezing, cough and sore throat are all common, as is a mild fever. These symptoms can last up to fourteen days.
Treatment
Paracetamol or aspirin in those over twelve years old is useful to ease aching muscles and reduce fever. It will also help soothe sore throats. Drink plenty of fluids as you can become dehydrated more easily when fevered. Inhaled steam from a bowl will help clear catarrh and soothe throats and adding menthol to this clears noses. Keep warm and rest and if you smoke, then stop, as it reduces your body’s ability to fight infection. There are a huge amount of remedies available from the high street – ask your pharmacist for advice on decongestants and remember some of these preparations also contain paracetamol.
Flu
This tends to occur in outbreaks and they are usually well publicised. The symptoms are usually more severe than a cold and tend to occur more quickly. Temperature can often be high and be accompanied by shivering whilst joints and muscles can feel achey. Often people can have headache, nausea and vomiting, and a persistent cough which may last for several weeks.
Treatment
Treatment is similar to that of colds but with special emphasis on rest and you may need to take some time off work or school. Take care not to spread infection by washing hands regularly and covering mouth when you cough and sneeze.
Flu vaccinations are available each year and are recommended for specific groups of people who have difficulty in fighting the flu.
These people include those aged 65 and over and those with the following conditions:
- chronic lung disease
- chronic heart disease
- kidney failure or people receiving dialysis
- diabetes mellitus
- those with immune suppression, eg. from chemotherapy or HIV
- those in nursing or residential homes
An Immunisation programme usually takes place from October to November.
Minor Burns
Treatment
Hold affected area under cold water for up to 15 minutes. For pain relief take Paracetamol following the recommended dosage. If blistering occurs medical help should be sought. Do not apply cream or ointment. Cling film may be applied pending professional help.
Minor Cuts
Treatment
Clean wound thoroughly with tap water. If there is persistent bleeding,apply pressure to area for approximately 10 minutes. Cover with an appropriate dry dressing. Area should be kept clean and dry for five days. Check your tetanus status with your GP.
Nose Bleeds
Treatment
Sit patient upright keeping head in normal position. Apply pressure between finger and thumb below bridge of nose for 10 minutes. If bleeding persists seek medical help. Elderly patients may require urgent medical attention. Telephone the Practice or attend Monklands Accident & Emergency.
Bites and Stings
Treatment
Human or animal bites that break the skin require medical attention because of high risk of infection. Wash wound with tap water as first aid measure.
Localised swelling on the body as a result of a sting may be treated with anti-histamine preparations available from your pharmacist. Swelling of face or neck area with compromised breathing is an acute medical emergency requiring urgent intervention. If available anti-histamine should be taken immediately and emergency medical help summoned.